An evaluation of frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. The western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande is an invasive pest insect in agriculture. The western flower thrips, however, is considered the most important vector. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way. Competitive interaction between frankliniella occidentalis. Abstract western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Thripidae are one of the most destructive insect pests of horticultural crops helyer and brobyn, 1992. Factors influencing the use of trap plants for the control. Adult longevity a and mean cumulative lifetime fecundity b of frankliniella occidentalis n. This file is licensed under the creative commons attribution 3.
Commonly intercepted thrips thysanoptera from europe, the mediterranean, and africa at u. General information about frankliniella occidentalis franoc eppo global database. Control of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pupae with metarhizium anisopliae in peat. There is no difference in transmitting efficiency between the two color forms of f. Thripidae is a serious pest on a wide range of crops throughout the world. Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, is a major cosmopolitan insect pest causing direct and indirect damage to greenhousegrown horticultural crops. The destructive attributes of wft are based on the direct andor indirect damage they cause to plants tommasinii and maini, 1995.
The primary way of managing western flower thrips populations is by routinely applying insecticides, which target the aboveground life stages. Chemical control is important and widely practised, but is often constrained by the secretive habits of f. Thrips pansy spot on mature idared apples utah state university. Frankliniella occidentalis browse species thrips of. Frankliniella occidentalis, insect attractants, white light, fluorescent lighting, ultraviolet radiation, blue light, trapping, sticky traps abstract. This species of thrips is native to the southwestern united states but has spread to other continents, including europe, australia where it was identified in may 1993, and south america via transport of infested plant material. Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips in the. Flower color preference of western flower thrips wft frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips cabi. For example, florida flower thrips, frankliniella bispinosa can only be differentiated from the caribbean species, f.
Since the 1970s frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many countries to become one of the most important agricultural pests of ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops globally. Media in category frankliniella occidentalis the following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. An frankliniella occidentalis in nahilalakip ha genus nga frankliniella, ngan familia nga thripidae. Abstract the development time, fecundity, longevity, and resultant intrinsic growth rate of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. However, this species is variable in size and colour, the dark brown form being more common at low temperatures, and the pale yellow form at higher temperatures, but. Thripidae, is present in the droplet of anal fluid produced by secondinstar nymphs when attacked by predators. Several species cause direct damage to the leaves and fruits, and species such as the western. Because the anal droplet is used in defense against arthropod predators, it was hypothesized that the alarm pheromone decyl acetate plus dodecyl acetate acts as a defensive allomone. The alarm pheromone of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. This document is eny883, one of a series of the entomology and nematology department, ufifas extension. The spread of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Thripidae is a major agricultural and horticulture pest worldwide kirk, 2002. Pdf invasive western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. Feeding and oviposition preference of frankliniella occidentalis for.
Pronotum with 2 pairs of large setae on anterior margin. Thripidae, was first described in california in 1895, and since the 1970s, it had invaded much of the world and became dominant population in most of the areas where it had been introduced kirk and terry 2003, morse and hoddle 2006. The western flower thrips is a major agricultural and garden pest, affecting hundreds of cultivated and weedy species. Light response by frankliniella occidentalis to white. Feeding by the adults and larvae can result in flecking on the surface of fruit and under heavy infestations, fruit deformity. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is a polyphagous pest that has been spread worldwide.
Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande1 edis. Interceptions of species of the genus frankliniella in the netherlands. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and associated. Frankliniella occidentalis pergande 1895 thripidae. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, are economic pests worldwide. It has been documented to feed on over 500 different. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande 4 biology and behavior western flower thrips has a punchingsucking feeding habit, using the mandible to punch a hole into the host and then inserting the maxillae into the opening. A new attractant for monitoring western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis in protected crops zayed s abdullah1, bethany pj greenfield1, katherine j ficken2, james wd taylor1, martyn wood1 and tariq m butt1 abstract monitoring of pest populations is an essential component of integrated pest management. Frankliniella bispinosa is a common thrips in florida, the bahamas, and bermuda, but the role of f.
However, insecticides are minimally effective against the pupal stages. Frankliniella occidentalis also has a limited abundance in central and southern florida, which is dominated by the endemic f. The life history of frankliniella occidentalis pergande was studied at six different temperatures on english cucumbers, cv. The efficacy of spinosad against the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, and its impact on associated biological control agents on greenhouse cucumbers in southern ontario. Lifestage variation in insecticide resistance of the western flower thrips thysanoptera. Pdf sampling for estimating frankliniella species flower. Thripidae originated in western north america and has since become a major pest of vegetables, fruit and ornamental crops across the us and around the world. An frankliniella occidentalis in uska species han insecta nga syahan ginhulagway ni theodore pergande hadton 1895. It causes damage and spoilage to a vast number of economically important plant species through feeding, oviposition and spread of several plant diseases, most notably tospoviruses morse and hoddle, 2006. Thripidae from the asianpacific area chinling wang, fengchyi lin, yichung chiu, and hsientzung shih applied zoology division, taiwan agricultural research institute, 189 chungcheng road, wufeng, taichung 4, taiwan.
The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Request pdf competitive interaction between frankliniella occidentalis and locally present thrips species. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019. The extensive use of insecticides in attempts to control its populations. Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Life history characteristics of frankliniella occidentalis on cucumber. Flower color preferences of western flower thrips in. Stable reference gene selection for rtqpcr analysis in.
Frankliniella karny and iridothrips priesner thripidae journalbook name, vol. Since the 1970s frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many. Invasive western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thripidae. Western flower thrips, franklinella occidentalis pergande is considered the most destructive insect pest of greenhousegrown crops due to direct feeding damage to plant parts such as foliage and flowers, and indirect damage by vectoring the tospoviruses. Frankliniella occidentalis is the key vector responsible for the emergence of tomato spotted wilt virus as a global threat to agriculture. Along with the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis, tswv is also vectored by other thrips species present in hawaii including yellow flower thrips frankliniella schultzei, onion thrips thrips tabaci, and chili thrips scirtothrips dorsalis. Pdf western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande is an important crop pest and a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus tswv in. Nakahara s 1997 annotated list of the frankliniella species of the world yhysanoptera. Proceedings of the section experimental and applied entomology of the netherlands entomological society, no. Aside from damage due to feeding, its ability to act as a vector for viruses makes it particularly problematic. Some preferred hosts include hibiscus, ficus, poinsettia, impatiens, difffenbrachia, philodendrom, and syngonium. Currently 230 species are listed in the genus frankliniella, with up to further names placed into synonymy nakahara, 1997. Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis p. Frankliniella occidentalis bulletin of insectology.
Effects of predators on the belowground life stages. Documents about frankliniella occidentalis franoc number title download. The two homozygous color forms, pale and dark, of frankliniella occidentalis pergande, the western flower thrips, were demonstrated for the first time to be similarly able to transmit the tomato spotted wilt virus. In the past 30 years, western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. This high rate of synonymy has been due to unrecognized variability in size and color of so many species. Frankliniella occidentalis wikibooks, open books for an. Insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips. Cloyd, and kun yan zhu department of entomology, kansas state university, manhattan, ks 66503 abstract western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis is an economically important insect pest of greenhouses.
Its invasiveness is largely attributed to the international movement of plant material and insecticide resistance, both of which have combined to foster the rapid spread. There are more than 160 species listed in the genus frankliniella which can make correct identification difficult and require microscopic examination. Acetylcholinesterase activity associated with methiocarb resistance in a strain of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Thripidae was assessed by observing insect location after introduction into chambers containing four different colored flowers of each of three plant species. A new attractant for monitoring western flower thrips. Adult females lay individual eggs on the small fruit inside of the flower resulting in halo spots. Frankliniella occidentalis breeds on a wide range of plants, in flowers and on leaves, and causes serious crop losses both through feeding damage and as an important vector of tospoviruses. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande, thysanoptera. Frankliniella occidentalis is the most economicallyimportant agronomic pest worldwide within thysanoptera because it is a direct pest and an efficient vector of plant pathogenic viruses.
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